![]() Products that pertain to VFR flying include VNC and VTA aeronautical charts, the Canada Flight Supplement (CFS) and the Canada Water Aerodrome Supplement (CWAS). Under the Civil Air Navigation Services Commercialization Act, NAV CANADA is the official source of Canadian Aeronautical Information used for air navigational purposes, and owns all intellectual rights associated with this data. NAV CANADA produces aeronautical information products used by pilots operating in Canadian airspace. Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Publications Aeronautical Information Visual Flight Rules (VFR) Publications On this page Current Opportunities Open a new window.News Releases Blog Media Relations Stay Informed.Space-Based ADS-B NAVAID Modernization Program Drone New Entrants.Safety Airspace Reviews Level of Service Studies.Communication, Navigation & Surveillance.Operational Information System Open a new window.Service Charges Information for Suppliers NAVCANATM Open a new window.About Us Governance Investor Relations Corporate Social Responsibility.Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight planning is similar to Visual Flight Rules (VFR) planning but is made simpler by the use of special charts that show IFR routes from beacon to beacon with the lowest safe altitude (LSALT), bearings (in both directions) and distance marked for each route. The pilot will calculate headings to fly for each leg of the trip prior to departure, using the forecast wind directions and speeds. The pilot must adjust heading to compensate for the wind, in order to follow the ground track. When an aircraft is in flight, it is affected by the wind so maintaining an accurate ground track is not as easy as it might appear. Sometimes, the pilot may choose on one leg to follow a clearly visible feature on the ground such as a railway track, river, highway, or coast. The aim then is to follow the chosen track as accurately as possible. The chosen route is plotted on the chart, and the lines drawn are called the track. The pilot will choose a route, which avoids controlled airspace that is not permitted for the flight, restricted areas, danger areas and so on. ground detail - towns, roads, wooded areas - to aid visual navigation. ![]() hazards to flying such as mountains, tall radio masts, etc. ![]() A private pilot planning a flight under VFR will usually use an aeronautical chart of the area which is published specifically for the use of pilots. The first step in navigation is deciding where one wishes to go. If a pilot is flying with IFR they are using instruments (including GPS), radio navigation aids such as beacons, or as directed under radar control by air traffic control. In air navigation this includes the density of the air the aircraft moves through which affects its performance, as well as winds, weight, and power settings. With dead reckoning you need to take into account things that affect your speed. In navigation, dead reckoning or DR is the process of calculating your current position by using a known position, or fix, and working out your new position based on known or estimated speeds over the time spent and course.Īn aircraft flying at 250 knots airspeed for 2 hours has flown 500 nautical miles through the air.
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